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2. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

   Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

3. Discectomy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discectomy

   A discectomy (also called open discectomy, if done through a 1/2 inch or larger skin opening) is the surgical removal of abnormal disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. The procedure involves removing a portion of an intervertebral disc , which causes pain, weakness or numbness by stressing the spinal cord or radiating ...

4. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

   There are many spinal procedures that make use of minimally invasive techniques. They can involve cutting away tissue (), fixing adjacent vertebrae to one another (spinal fusion), and replacing bone or other tissue.The main philosophy is least bloods, tissue damage, and keep bone/tissue architecture The name of the procedure often includes the region of the spine that is operated on, including ...

5. Failed back syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_back_syndrome

   Studies by Ha, et al., show that the incidence of SI joint degeneration in post-lumbar fusion surgery is 75% at 5 years post-surgery, based on imaging. [35] Studies by DePalma and Liliang, et al., demonstrate that 40–61% of post-lumbar fusion patients were symptomatic for SI joint dysfunction based on diagnostic blocks. [36] [37]

6. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

   A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...

7. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

   Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A procedure that reaches the cervical spine (neck) through a small incision in the front of the neck. The intervertebral disc is removed and replaced with a small plug of bone or other graft substitute, along with a height restoration device to un-impinge nerves, and in time, the vertebrae will fuse ...