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Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, are a major contributor to maternal and fetal illness and death on a worldwide scale. Around 5-10% of pregnancies are affected by these conditions, with preeclampsia being responsible for up to 14% of maternal deaths globally.
Atenolol has been associated with intrauterine growth retardation, as well as decreased placental growth and weight when prescribed during pregnancy. ACEis and ARBs are contraindicated in women who are or who intend to become pregnant. [47] Periodontal disease could mitigate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. [68] Race.
In contrast, gestational hypertension is defined as new-onset hypertension during pregnancy without protein in the urine. [33] There have been significant findings on how exercising can help reduce the effects of hypertension just after one bout of exercise. Exercising can help reduce hypertension as well as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
[7] [10] It can also be used with other blood pressure medications. [10] Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath. [7] Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm. [7] Use is not recommended during pregnancy [7] and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding. [11]
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sold under the brand name Nitropress among others, is a medication used to lower blood pressure. [3] This may be done if the blood pressure is very high and resulting in symptoms, in certain types of heart failure, and during surgery to decrease bleeding. [3]
Propranolol may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy; [7] however, its use during breastfeeding is generally considered to be safe. [8] It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. [2] Propranolol was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964. [9]
Medications during pregnancy must be carefully considered. Many types of drugs, medications, and even nutritional supplements can affect fetal development or cause complications. For over-the-counter and prescription medications, healthcare professionals can help weigh the potential risks and benefits of taking medication while pregnant and if ...
Antihypertensive drug use during pregnancy is relatively common and increasing. [32] Only a small proportion of available antihypertensive drugs have been tested in pregnant women, and many are contraindicated. [citation needed] It is important to make the exposure of medications to the baby as small as possible. [30]