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NC = P problem The P vs NP problem is a major unsolved question in computer science that asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer (NP) can also be quickly solved by a computer (P). This question has profound implications for fields such as cryptography, algorithm design, and computational theory.
Solution of a travelling salesman problem: the black line shows the shortest possible loop that connects every red dot. In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the ...
The problem was first posed by Henry Dudeney in 1900, as a puzzle in recreational mathematics, phrased in terms of placing the 16 pawns of a chessboard onto the board so that no three are in a line. [2] This is exactly the no-three-in-line problem, for the case =. [3] In a later version of the puzzle, Dudeney modified the problem, making its ...
The Boyer–Moore majority vote algorithm is an algorithm for finding the majority of a sequence of elements using linear time and a constant number of words of memory. It is named after Robert S. Boyer and J Strother Moore , who published it in 1981, [ 1 ] and is a prototypical example of a streaming algorithm .
If q = 2, then (a-b) 2 = 2 and there is no integral solution a, b. When q > 2, the equation x 2 + y 2 − qxy − q = 0 defines a hyperbola H and (a,b) represents an integral lattice point on H. If (x,x) is an integral lattice point on H with x > 0, then (since q is integral) one can see that x = 1. This proposition's statement is then true for ...
Many algorithms explicitly fit 0-degree splines to the noisy signal in order to detect steps (including stepwise jump placement methods [2] [8]), but there are other popular algorithms that can also be seen to be spline fitting methods after some transformation, for example total variation denoising.
The conjecture is that there is a simple way to tell whether such equations have a finite or infinite number of rational solutions. More specifically, the Millennium Prize version of the conjecture is that, if the elliptic curve E has rank r , then the L -function L ( E , s ) associated with it vanishes to order r at s = 1 .
Exploiting the parallelism inherent in chemical reactions, the problem may be solved using a number of chemical reaction steps linear in the number of vertices of the graph; however, it requires a factorial number of DNA molecules to participate in the reaction. [10] An optical solution to the Hamiltonian problem has been proposed as well. [11]