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Ruthenium is the only 4d transition metal that can assume the group oxidation state +8, and even then it is less stable there than the heavier congener osmium: this is the first group from the left of the table where the second and third-row transition metals display notable differences in chemical behavior.
Ruthenium forms a wide range compounds with carbon-ruthenium bonds. Grubbs' catalyst is used for alkene metathesis. [8] Ruthenocene is analogous to ferrocene structurally, but exhibits distinctive redox properties. The colorless liquid ruthenium pentacarbonyl converts in the absence of CO pressure to the dark red solid triruthenium dodecacarbonyl.
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With its similar properties to and lower cost than rhodium, electric contacts are a major use of ruthenium. The ruthenium plate is applied to the electrical contact and electrode base metal by electroplating or sputtering. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. It has a very low compressibility.
"Noble Metals. Gold, Platinum, Silver, and a few rare metals. The members of this class have little or no tendency to unite with oxygen in the free state, and when placed in water at a red heat do not alter its composition. The oxides are readily decomposed by heat in consequence of the feeble affinity between the metal and oxygen." [29]
2 Physical properties. 3 Chemical properties. ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... chloride is an inorganic compound, a metal salt of ruthenium and hydrochloric ...
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on ruthenium(IV) oxide. Thermodynamic properties. Phase behavior ... Gas properties