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Native American students are underrepresented in higher education at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels. [61] The recruitment and retention of Native American students at a university level is a major issue. [56] Native American professors are also underrepresented; they make up less than one percent of higher education faculty. [65]
Native American doctors Siobhan Wescott and Beth Mittelstet argue that greater funding should be directed towards educating and encouraging indigenous people to become physicians in order to help remedy issues with staffing, reduce discrimination in care, lower Native American poverty rates, and increase patient advocacy among physicians. [26]
In United States federal legislation, the Indian Education and Self-Assistance Act (Snyder Act) was passed in 1917 and sponsored by Rep. Homer P. Snyder (R) of New York.. It empowered the Bureau of Indian Affairs, under the Secretary of the Interior, to appropriate money for the general improvement of the quality of life among Native Americans on reservations including adult literacy programs ...
Unequal access to education in the United States results in unequal outcomes for students. Disparities in academic access among students in the United States are the result of multiple factors including government policies, school choice, family wealth, parenting style, implicit bias towards students' race or ethnicity, and the resources available to students and their schools.
In 2015 the average United States graduation rate was 81%. The graduation rate for Native American and Alaska Native students enrolled at school district-operated public schools was 67%. [11] From circa 2017 to 2020, the BIE did not follow the terms of the Every Student Succeeds Act. As of 2020 the BIE does not have a consistent testing system ...
A 2022 study revealed that Native American college students experienced the greatest increase of depression and anxiety between 2013 and 2021 out of all ethnic and racial groups. [131] According to a 2023 study, a strong sense of ethnic identity can reduce the negative emotional impact of historical loss on Native American college students. [132]
American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly (1997) excerpt and text search; Prucha, Francis Paul. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians (abridged edition, 1986) McCarthy, Robert J. "The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Federal Trust Obligation to American Indians," 19 BYU J. PUB. L. 1 (December ...
Alcoholism is a particular issue among Native American women. General statistics indicate that Native American women drink less than men; however, specific tribal social norms and location cause this to vary among individuals. [34] As a result, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder rates are higher than the national average in some tribes. [35]