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Fossils of the Carboniferous-Permian bryozoan Archimedes †Archimedes †Archimedes communis †Archimedes compactus †Archimedes distans †Archimedes intermedius †Archimedes invaginatus †Archimedes lativolvis †Archimedes macfarlani †Archimedes meekanoides †Archimedes meekanus †Archimedes negligens – or unidentified comparable form
This list of the Paleozoic life of Indiana contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Indiana and are between 538.8 and 252.17 million years of age.
Indiana's fossil record stretches all the way back to the Precambrian. Microbe fossils of this age are known from the state. [1] Later, during the Cambrian period, Indiana was located in equatorial latitudes. Indiana was also covered by a warm shallow sea. [2] This sea was home to brachiopods, trilobites, and sponges. [1]
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopsids, [1] lycopods, or lycophytes. Members of the class are also called clubmosses , firmosses , spikemosses and quillworts . They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the ...
Stigmaria had a complex branching structure; thus, it is comparable to the rhizomes of the extant (living) relative, the quillworts (genus Isoetes).The stigmarian systems had rhizomorph axes that shows circular scars or a helical arrangement where the root-like appendages were formerly attached.
Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive lycopodian vascular plants belonging the order Lepidodendrales.It is well preserved and common in the fossil record. Like other Lepidodendrales, species of Lepidodendron grew as large-tree-like plants in wetland coal forest environments.
The most common fossil specimens of Lepidodendrales, as well as the most recognizable, are the compressions of stem surfaces marked with constant, though partially asymmetric, rhomboidal leaf cushions. These fossils look much like tire tracks or alligator skin, lending the Greek name "Lepidodendrales," meaning "scale trees." These leaf cushions ...
The consensus classification produced by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification in 2016 (PPG I) places all extant (living) lycophytes in the class Lycopodiopsida. [11] There are around 1,290 to 1,340 such species. [12] [13] [11] For more information on the classification of extant lycophytes, see Lycopodiopsida § Classification.