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The Rankine scale is used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit. [3] The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R [2] (or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales). By analogy with the SI unit kelvin, some authors term the unit Rankine, omitting the degree symbol. [4] [5]
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Using the SVD, we can write Y = Σ k=1,...p d k u k v k T;, where the u k are n-dimensional column vectors, the v k are p-dimensional column vectors, and the d k are a non-increasing sequence of non-negative scalars. The biplot is formed from two scatterplots that share a common set of axes and have a between-set scalar product interpretation.
For every graph G, there exists a highly irregular graph H containing G as an induced subgraph. [3] This last observation can be considered analogous to a result of Dénes Kőnig, which states that if H is a graph with greatest degree r, then there is a graph G which is r-regular and contains H as an induced subgraph. [3]
The degree distribution is very important in studying both real networks, such as the Internet and social networks, and theoretical networks.The simplest network model, for example, the (Erdős–Rényi model) random graph, in which each of n nodes is independently connected (or not) with probability p (or 1 − p), has a binomial distribution of degrees k:
A complete graph with n nodes represents the edges of an (n – 1)-simplex. Geometrically K 3 forms the edge set of a triangle, K 4 a tetrahedron, etc. The Császár polyhedron, a nonconvex polyhedron with the topology of a torus, has the complete graph K 7 as its skeleton. [15] Every neighborly polytope in four or more dimensions also has a ...
In the mathematical field of algebraic graph theory, the degree matrix of an undirected graph is a diagonal matrix which contains information about the degree of each vertex—that is, the number of edges attached to each vertex. [1]
The free statistical package R (see R programming language) can make a wide variety of nice-looking graphics. It is especially effective to display statistical data. On Wikimedia Commons, the category Created with R contains many examples, often including the corresponding R source code. Other examples can be found in the R Graph Gallery.