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Upper limits on this found by Pound and Rebka in 1960 limited α to less than 0.1. Modern tests have reduced this to less than 1 × 10 −4. [2] Schiff's conjecture states that any complete, self-consistent theory of gravity that embodies the Weak Equivalence Principle necessarily embodies Einstein's Equivalence Principle. This is likely to be ...
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight' [1]) is a fundamental interaction primarily observed as a mutual attraction between all things that have mass.Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10 36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force, and 10 29 times weaker than the weak interaction.
Even at the edge of the Solar System, where the Sun's gravity drops below a 0 the total gravitational field is still above a 0 due to the gravitational fields of the rest of the galaxy. On Earth's surface—and in national laboratories when performing ultra-precise gravimetry—the a 0 value is equal to 0.012 microgal (μGal), which is only ...
Roman engineer and architect Vitruvius (c. 85 – c. 15 BC) contends in his De architectura that gravity is not dependent on a substance's weight but rather on its 'nature' (cf. specific gravity): If the quicksilver is poured into a vessel, and a stone weighing one hundred pounds is laid upon it, the stone swims on the surface, and cannot ...
Vesta (radius 262.7 ± 0.1 km), the second-largest asteroid, appears to have a differentiated interior and therefore likely was once a dwarf planet, but it is no longer very round today. [74] Pallas (radius 255.5 ± 2 km ), the third-largest asteroid, appears never to have completed differentiation and likewise has an irregular shape.
[5] [6] Brans–Dicke theory is a scalar-tensor theory, not a scalar theory, meaning that it represents the gravitational interaction using both a scalar field and a tensor field. We mention it here because one of the field equations of this theory involves only the scalar field and the trace of the stress–energy tensor, as in Nordström's ...
[4] [5] [6] This idea on the formation of the cosmos by vortices of matter was preceded by the ancient pre-Socratic atomists Leucippus and Democritus. [7] Following the basic premises of Descartes, Christiaan Huygens between 1669 and 1690 designed a much more exact vortex model. This model was the first theory of gravitation which was worked ...