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A traffic collision in Japan, 2007 The aftermath of an accident involving a jackknifing truck, Mozambique, Africa. A traffic collision, also known as a motor vehicle collision, or car crash, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other moving or stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.
Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures, such as traffic calming, to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured. Typical road users include pedestrians , cyclists , motorists , passengers of vehicles, and passengers of on-road public transport , mainly buses and trams .
On a population-adjusted basis, Spain had 86% fewer car crash fatalities in 2021 compared to 1991. [5] There are large disparities in road traffic death rates between regions. The risk of dying as a result of a road traffic injury is highest in the African Region (26.6 per 100 000 population), and lowest in the European Region (9.3 per 100 000 ...
The Road Traffic Act 1988 requires a driver to stop if a crash has occurred due to the presence of their vehicle that results in injury to another person, livestock animal, dog, or damage to another's property. The driver must then give their name and address at the scene to anyone reasonably requiring it, and if there has been an injury to ...
Road traffic collisions generally fall into one of five common types: Lane departure crashes, which occur when a driver leaves the lane they are in and collides with another vehicle or a roadside object. These include head-on collisions and roadway departure collisions. Collisions at junctions, including rear-end collision and angle or side impacts
From 1979 to 2005, the number of deaths per year decreased 15% while the number of deaths per capita decreased by 35%. The 32,479 traffic fatalities in 2011 were the lowest in 62 years, since 1949. [5] For 2016, the NHTSA reported 37,461 people killed in 34,436 fatal motor vehicle crashes, an average of 102 per day. [6]
The terms "active" and "passive" are simple but important terms in the world of automotive safety. "Active safety" is used to refer to technology assisting in the prevention of a crash and "passive safety" to components of the vehicle (primarily airbags, seatbelts and the physical structure of the vehicle) that help to protect occupants during a crash.
Accident triangles have been proposed to model the number of minor problems vs. the number of serious incidents. These include Heinrich's triangle [9] and Frank E. Bird's accident ratio triangle (proposed in 1966 and shown above). Many models to characterize and analyze accidents have been proposed, [10] which can be