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Trading routes of the ancient Middle East, when Petra was the last stop for caravans carrying spices before being shipped to European markets through the Port of Gaza. Another buffer zone existed further south, around the area of present-day Jordan. Here Arab peoples lived on trade routes that stretched between Yemen and Syria.
A map of Babylon, with major areas and modern-day villages. The spelling Babylon is the Latin representation of Greek Babylṓn (Βαβυλών), derived from the native Bābilim, meaning "gate of the god(s)". [15] The cuneiform spelling was 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (KÁ.DIG̃IR.RA KI). This would correspond to the Sumerian phrase Kan dig̃irak. [16]
Maps were produced extensively by ancient Babylon, Greece, Rome, China, and India. The earliest maps ignored the curvature of Earth's surface, both because the shape of the Earth was uncertain and because the curvature is not important across the small areas being mapped.
'Amalgamated Map of the Great Ming Empire') world map, likely made in the late 14th or the 15th century, [33] shows China at the centre and Europe, half-way round the globe, depicted very small and horizontally compressed at the edge. The coast of Africa is also mapped from an Indian Ocean perspective, showing the Cape of Good Hope area.
The Babylonian Map of the World (also Imago Mundi or Mappa mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic world map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian language. Dated to no earlier than the 9th century BC (with a late 8th or 7th century BC date being more likely), it includes a brief and partially lost textual description.
Platner's map of Rome for The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (1911). The topography of ancient Rome is the description of the built environment of the city of ancient Rome. It is a multidisciplinary field of study that draws on archaeology, epigraphy, cartography and philology.
The Temple of Saturn, a religious monument that housed the treasury in ancient Rome. Taxation under the Empire amounted to about 5% of its gross product. [221] The typical tax rate for individuals ranged from 2 to 5%. [222] The tax code was "bewildering" in its complicated system of direct and indirect taxes, some paid in cash and some in kind.
The Plan of Rome is a model, more precisely a relief map, of ancient Rome in the 4th century. Made of varnished plaster (11 × 6 m), it represents three-fifths of the city at a 1/400 scale, forming a puzzle of around one hundred pieces. It was created by Paul Bigot, an architect and winner of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1900.