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Map of Tribal Jurisdictional Areas in Oklahoma. This is a list of federally recognized Native American Tribes in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. With its 38 federally recognized tribes, [1] Oklahoma has the third largest numbers of tribes of any state, behind Alaska and California.
At least five of these areas, those of the so-called five civilized tribes of Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole (the 'Five Tribes' of Oklahoma), which cover 43% of the area of the state (including Tulsa), are recognized as reservations by federal treaty, and thus not subject to state law or jurisdiction for tribal members. [3] [4]
For over a year the people of Oklahoma Territory were semi-autonomous. [10] On May 2, 1890, Congress passed the Oklahoma Organic Act, which organized the western half of Indian Territory into Oklahoma Territory. [10] The eastern half remained under Indian rule, predominantly that of the Five Civilized Tribes, as Indian Territory.
Map of Oklahoma 1892. The removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory started after the election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828. He believed that Indian Removal from the Southeast was needed to extinguish Native American land claims and enable development by European Americans in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, which still had numerous Native Americans occupying their ...
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In preparation for Oklahoma's admission to the union on an "equal footing with the original states" [6] by 1907, through a series of acts, including the Oklahoma Organic Act and the Oklahoma Enabling Act, Congress enacted a number of often contradictory statutes that often appeared as an attempt to unilaterally dissolve all sovereign tribal governments and reservations within the state of ...
All five tribes — the Cherokee, the Choctaw, Muskogee Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw — all came through on the water route. "The river was actually one of the harder journeys," Gray said.
Numerous interests wanted to extinguish the communal tribal lands to gain admission of Oklahoma (including Indian Territory) as a state. In 1900 the Seminole Freedmen numbered about 1,000, nearly one-third of the total Seminole tribe in Oklahoma. The Dawes Commission established two separate registration rolls for Seminole Indians and Freedmen.