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TTL serial refers to single-ended serial communication using raw transistor voltage levels: "low" for 0 and "high" for 1. [31] UART over TTL serial is a common debug interface for embedded devices. Handheld devices such as graphing calculators and NMEA 0183 -compliant GPS receivers and fishfinders also commonly use UART with TTL.
Some serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232 logic levels and transistor–transistor logic level signals. Current Arduino boards are programmed via Universal Serial Bus (USB), implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232.
Serial communication on pin D0 (RX) and pin D1 (TX). used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL serial chip. By sliding the switch (S1), RX/TX pins can be re-routed to Bluetooth UART connector. Linduino One ATmega328 Linear Technology Corporation [70]
Open outputs configurations thus differ from push–pull outputs, which use a pair of transistors to output a specific voltage or current. These open outputs configurations are often used for digital applications when the transistor acts as a switch, to allow for logic-level conversion, wired-logic connections, and line sharing.
The first transistor–transistor logic family of integrated circuits was introduced by Sylvania as Sylvania Universal High–Level Logic (SUHL) in 1963. Texas Instruments introduced the 7400 series TTL family in 1964. Transistor–transistor logic uses bipolar transistors to form its integrated circuits. [12]
Differential TTL is a type of binary electrical signaling based on the transistor-transistor logic (TTL) concept. It enables electronic systems to be relatively immune to noise. [ 1 ] RS-422 and RS-485 outputs can be implemented as differential TTL.
Serial communication on pin D0 (RX) and pin D1 (TX). used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip. By sliding the switch (S1), RX/TX pins can be re-routed to Bluetooth UART connector. Linduino One Linear Technology Corporation [60] Yes ATmega328 16 MHz
A Darlington transistor (also known as Darlington pair) achieves very high current amplification by connecting two bipolar transistors in direct DC coupling so the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. The resultant current gain is the product of those of the two component transistors: