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It has several functions, such as the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex [1] [2] and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Anatomically, it is a paramedian symmetrical structure of two halves (left and right), within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain .
This traditional list does not accord strictly with human thalamic anatomy. Nuclear groups of the thalamus include: anterior nuclear group [1] (anteroventral, [2] anterodorsal, [3] anteromedial [4]) medial nuclear group (medial dorsal nucleus, [5] a.k.a. dorsomedial) parvocellular part [6] (a.k.a. parvicellular part) magnocellular part [7]
The thalamus supplies all parts of the neocortex with afferents. [3] The main thalamocortical fibers extend from different nuclei of the thalamus and project to the visual cortex, somatosensory (and associated sensori-motor) cortex, and the auditory cortex in the brain. Thalamocortical radiations also innervate gustatory and olfactory pathways ...
The medial dorsal nucleus (or mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus, dorsomedial nucleus, dorsal medial nucleus, or medial nucleus group) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is separated from the other thalamic nuclei by the internal medullary lamina .
The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) is a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; paratenial nucleus (nucleus parataenialis) nucleus reuniens (also known as the ...
The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement. [1] It works in conjunction with the indirect pathway.
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The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. [1] Its location is one-third of the way from the pedunculopontine nucleus to the thalamus, inferior to the pineal gland.