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Premium efficiency, when used in reference to specific types of Electric Motors (with a rotating shaft), is a class of motor efficiency.. As part of a concerted effort worldwide to reduce energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and the impact of industrial operations on the environment, various regulatory authorities in many countries have introduced, or are planning, legislation to encourage the ...
It classifies five classes: IE1 (standard), IE2 (high) and IE3 (premium), IE4 (super premium efficiency), IE5 (ultra premium efficiency). For each class the efficiency is defined for a rated output range from 0.75 to 375 kW. In the European Community the IE2 class is mandatory for all new motors since 16 June 2011. The IE3 class will be ...
The efficiency of internal combustion engines depends on several factors, the most important of which is the expansion ratio. For any heat engine the work which can be extracted from it is proportional to the difference between the starting pressure and the ending pressure during the expansion phase.
After the control of air flow and temperature was standardized, the use of electromechanical relays in ladder logic to switch dampers became standardized. Eventually, the relays became electronic switches, as transistors eventually could handle greater current loads. By 1985, pneumatic controls could no longer compete with this new technology ...
A temperature switch or a thermistor can control the evaporator coil surface temperature, and a pressure switch or sensing element can monitor the suction pressure (which is in relationship with the refrigerant's evaporating temperature). Both control means can act (either directly or by means of a control unit fed by their data) upon the ...
The main disadvantages of linear motors are: They are expensive respect to pneumatics and other electric technologies. They are not easy to integrate in standard machineries due to their important size and high weight. They have a low force density respect to pneumatic and electromechanical actuators.
A premium efficiency electric motor: more than 90% (see Main Article: Premium efficiency). A large power transformer used in the electrical grid may have efficiency of more than 99%. Early 19th century transformers were much less efficient, wasting up to a third of the energy passing through them.
The primary design factors of a high efficiency glandless circulating pump include an electronically commutated synchronous motor, a permanent magnet rotor, and canned rotor technology. An electronically commutated synchronous motor is used to convert the energy current from a DC energy source into an AC current which is supplied to the drive ...