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Depositional landforms are often made of glacial till, which is composed of unsorted sediments (some quite large, others small) that were eroded, carried, and deposited by the glacier some distance away from their original rock source. [1] [3] Examples include glacial moraines, eskers, and kames.
Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand Features of a glacial landscape. Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. [1] The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. [2]
Arête – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys formed by glacial movement; Cirque – Amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion; Col – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks; Crevasse – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier; Corrie – Amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm
The size of the deposited sediments which form a moraine can range from clay to boulder sized. Moraines can be reworked by further glacial action or meltwater into other fluvioglacial landforms. [21] Both original and reworked moraines record a continuum of processes occurring on the landscape as a result of glacial presence.
Example of a periglacial landscape with both pingos and polygon wedge ice near Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada. Periglaciation (adjective: "periglacial", referring to places at the edges of glacial areas) describes geomorphic processes that result from seasonal thawing and freezing, very often in areas of permafrost.
Satellite image of kettle lakes in Yamal Peninsula (Northern Siberia), adjacent to the Gulf of Ob (right). The lake colors indicate amounts of sediment or depth. A kettle (also known as a kettle hole, kettlehole, or pothole) is a depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters.
Arêtes can also form when two glacial cirques erode headwards towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. [2] The edge is then sharpened by freeze-thaw weathering, and the slope on either side of the arête steepened through mass wasting events and the erosion of exposed, unstable rock. [3]
Velež Mountain provides an example of glaciokarst where karstic terrain has been significantly affected by glacial processes during the Pleistocene epoch. [3] This landscape includes valley glaciers and a plateau glacier, primarily located on the northern slopes.