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The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a family of standards to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks, [2] as used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and mobile broadband modems. GSM is also a trade mark owned by the GSM Association. [3] "GSM" may also refer to the voice codec initially used ...
UTRAN architecture UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network ( UTRAN ) is a collective term for the network and equipment that connects mobile handsets to the public telephone network or the Internet. It contains the base stations, which are called Node B 's and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) [ 1 ] which make up the Universal Mobile ...
UMTS and GSM/EDGE can share a Core Network (CN), making UTRAN an alternative radio access network to GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN), and allowing (mostly) transparent switching between the RANs according to available coverage and service needs. Because of that, UMTS's and GSM/EDGE's radio access networks are sometimes collectively referred to as UTRAN/GERAN.
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...
Phases 1 and 2 were defined before 3G networks existed, and as such support adding IN services to a GSM network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for 3GPP Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and UMTS common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.
Cellular network standards and generation timeline. This is a comparison of standards of wireless networking technologies for devices such as mobile phones.A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s.
This is the case in both GSM and IS-136 for example. Exceptions to this include the DECT and Personal Handy-phone System (PHS) micro-cellular systems, UMTS-TDD UMTS variant, and China's TD-SCDMA, which use time-division duplexing, where different time slots are allocated for the base station and handsets on the same frequency.
The architecture contains specific features and functions which are needed because the phones are not fixed in one location. The NSS originally consisted of the circuit-switched core network , used for traditional GSM services such as voice calls, SMS , and circuit switched data calls.