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Pushpagiri (Odia: ପୁଷ୍ପଗିରି) was an ancient Buddhist mahavihara or monastic complex located atop Langudi Hill (or Hills) in Jajpur district of Odisha, India. Pushpagiri was mentioned in the writings of the Chinese traveller Xuanzang (c. 602 – c. 664) and some other ancient sources.
Its main aim was all-round development of the human lives. It included the physical, mental and spiritual development of human life. It also included worldly aspect of the life. It focused on self-reliance, self-control, formation of character, individual development, knowledge of social and civil life and preservation of national culture.
Education in the Indian subcontinent began with the teaching of traditional subjects, including Indian religions, mathematics, and logic.Early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning, such as the ancient Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan), Nalanda (in India), Mithila (in India and Nepal), Vikramshila, Telhara, and Shaunaka Mahashala in the Naimisharanya forest, served as key sites for education.
The citizens of Valabhi, many of whom were rich and generous, made available the funds necessary for running the institution. The Maitraka kings, who ruled over the country, acted as patrons to the university. They provided enormous grants for the working of the institution and equipping its libraries.
The second addresses social customs and institutions in the kingdom. The third subsection addresses the arts and sciences. The fourth lays out the guidelines for the characteristics required for a king's friend. The fifth subsection describes the functions and duties of the king. The sixth addresses the maintenance and security of forts.
The Mahajanapadas were the sixteen most powerful states in Ancient India. Among the Mahajanapadas and other smaller states around them, some of the states followed a republican form of government. The Gaṇasaṅghas of Ancient India. The word gaṇa (/ ˈ ɡ ʌ n ə /; Sanskrit: गण) in Sanskrit and Pali means group or community. It can ...
Shudra or Shoodra [1] (Sanskrit: Śūdra [2]) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. [3] [4] Some sources translate it into English as a caste, [4] or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like workers. [2] [5] [6]
In ancient India Dharma had a religious basis and was enforced by religious threat. It changed not by the will of the king but the evolution of social custom usages and practices. [ 10 ] During the Brahmana period, the process of giving punishments to culprits was formed and for this reason law-assistants were appointed.