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ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter. [1]
A bolt with property class 12.9 has a tensile strength of 1200 MPa (1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2) or 1.2 kN/mm 2 and the yield strength is 0.90 times tensile strength, 1080 MPa in this case. A bolt with property class 4.6 has a tensile strength of 400 MPa (1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2) or 0.4 kN/mm 2 and yield strength is 0.60 times tensile strength, 240 MPa in this case.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
In general: ductile materials (e.g. aluminum) fail in shear, whereas brittle materials (e.g. cast iron) fail in tension (see: Tensile strength). To calculate: Given total force at failure (F) and the force-resisting area (e.g. the cross-section of a bolt loaded in shear), ultimate shear strength is:
Any tensile loads applied to these joints, usually have a secondary effect, but they can reduce available shear strength of the bolt. A clevis linkage, which relies on a locking mechanism (like lock washers, thread adhesives, and lock nuts), is a bearing type shear joint.
The number after the point is the multiplier ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength. For example, a property class 5.8 bolt has a nominal (minimum) ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, and a tensile yield strength of 0.8 times ultimate tensile strength or 0.8 (500) = 400 MPa.
Compressive strength is a limit state of compressive stress that leads to failure in a material in the manner of ductile failure (infinite theoretical yield) or brittle failure (rupture as the result of crack propagation, or sliding along a weak plane – see shear strength). Tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength is a limit state of ...
This standard defines the properties for fasteners up to 4 inches in diameter. They are not to be used in applications where they are tensioned to more than 50% of their tensile strength. In those applications structural heavy hex bolts are to be used, as defined by ASTM A490, even though they have the same strength. [1] [2]
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