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Pneumonia is the most common fatal complication of measles infection and accounts for 56–86% of measles-related deaths. [ 89 ] Possible consequences of measles virus infection include laryngotracheobronchitis , sensorineural hearing loss , [ 51 ] and—in about 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 300,000 cases [ 90 ] — panencephalitis , which is usually ...
The virus causes measles, a highly contagious disease transmitted by respiratory aerosols that triggers a temporary but severe immunosuppression.Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes and a generalized, maculopapular, erythematous rash and a pathognomonic Koplik spot seen on buccal mucosa opposite to lower 1st and 2nd molars.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage (a family of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells). MDSCs expand under pathologic conditions such as chronic infection and cancer, as a result of altered haematopoiesis . [ 1 ]
Measles is quite uncommon in populations of highly vaccinated areas, yet when it does occur, it is more commonly seen in adults. [19] The development of the measles vaccine has been vital in reducing outbreaks. Without a measles vaccine, measles epidemics could happen every 2 to 5 years and last up to 3 to 4 months at a time. [22]
Measles is considered one of the most contagious diseases, Russo notes, making it easy to spread quickly among unvaccinated people. "Some of these diseases are potentially lethal," he says.
HIV does not directly cause cancer, but it is associated with a number of malignancies, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, anal cancer and cervical cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus 8. AIDS-related cases of anal cancer and cervical cancer are commonly caused by human papillomavirus.
Herd immunity, which primarily protects babies, young children and immunocompromised people who cannot receive certain vaccines from diseases like measles, can only be achieved when most community ...
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. [6] Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. [ 10 ]