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Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles. [7] [10] [11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. [5] The visual system may be ...
For 50% of people, post-concussion symptoms go away within a few days to several weeks after the original injury occurs. [59] In others, symptoms may remain for three to six months, [ 25 ] but evidence indicates that many cases are completely resolved within six months. [ 18 ]
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
A cerebral laceration is a similar injury except that, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion. [4] [5] The injury can cause a decline in mental function in the long term and in the emergency setting may result in brain herniation, a life ...
Concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury that is caused by a direct or indirect hit to the head, body, or face is a common injury associated with sports and can affect people of all ages. A concussion is defined as a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces". [ 1 ]
A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, [3] the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.
A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma. As a result of damage to capillaries , blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange , potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels ( hypoxia ).
Knee injury in contact sports, and jumping, deceleration, and pivoting in non-contact sports and activities cause anterior cruciate ligament injury. [23] Collateral Ligament Injury: An injury to a partially flexed knee can damage the medial collateral ligament – the ligament stretching along the inner edge of the knee. A forceful medial blow ...