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It does assume Coulomb's friction law, which more or less requires (scrupulously) clean surfaces. This theory is for massive bodies such as the railway wheel-rail contact. With respect to road-tire interaction, an important contribution concerns the so-called magic tire formula by Hans Pacejka .
Since the Painlevé paradoxes are based on a mechanical model of Coulomb friction, where the calculated friction force can have multiple values when the contact point has no tangential velocity, this is a simplified model of contact. It does, nevertheless, encapsulate the main dynamical effects of friction, such as sticking and slipping zones.
The two regimes of dry friction are 'static friction' ("stiction") between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction (sometimes called sliding friction or dynamic friction) between moving surfaces. Coulomb friction, named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb , is an approximate model used to calculate the force of dry friction.
Coulomb also made a significant contribution to the field of tribology. [12] The findings of Guillaume Amontons and Coulomb are well known as Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction. He completed the most comprehensive study of friction undertaken in the eighteenth century and was named by Duncan Dowson as one of the 23 "Men of Tribology". [13]
The force of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact. (Amontons' 2nd law) Kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity. (Coulomb's law) The first and second laws, which were founded by Amontons, and the third law, which was founded by Coulomb later, are called the Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction.
Definition Named after Field of application Coefficient of kinetic friction: mechanics (friction of solid bodies in translational motion) Coefficient of static friction: mechanics (friction of solid bodies at rest) Föppl–von Kármán number
The various branches of the DEM family are the distinct element method proposed by Peter A. Cundall and Otto D. L. Strack in 1979, [5] the generalized discrete element method, [6] the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and the finite-discrete element method concurrently developed by several groups (e.g., Munjiza and Owen).
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]