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Segmentation faults can also occur independently of page faults: illegal access to a valid page is a segmentation fault, but not an invalid page fault, and segmentation faults can occur in the middle of a page (hence no page fault), for example in a buffer overflow that stays within a page but illegally overwrites memory.
The following is an excerpt from the Segfault story "Man clicks Internet banner ad": [3]. For the first time in recent memory, someone actually clicked an Internet banner ad.
On x86 there exists an older memory management mechanism known as segmentation. If the application loads a segment register with the selector of a non-present segment (which under POSIX-compliant OSes can only be done with assembly language), the exception is generated. Some OSes used that for swapping, but under Linux this generates SIGBUS.
In Multics and systems derived from it, each segment has a protection ring for reading, writing and execution; an attempt by a process with a higher ring number than the ring number for the segment causes a fault. There is a mechanism for safely calling procedures that run in a lower ring and returning to the higher ring.
The operating system delays loading parts of the program from disk until the program attempts to use it and the page fault is generated. If the page is not loaded in memory at the time of the fault, then it is called a major or hard page fault. The page fault handler in the OS needs to find a free location: either a free page in memory, or a ...
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Text segmentation is the process of dividing written text into meaningful units, such as words, sentences, or topics. The term applies both to mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers, which are the subject of natural language processing .
This usage implies a lack of computer savviness, asserting that problems arising when using a device are the fault of the user. Critics of the term argue that the problems are caused instead by poor product designs that fail to anticipate the capabilities and needs of the user. The term can also be used for non-computer-related mistakes.