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Sol-air temperature (T sol-air) is a variable used to calculate cooling load of a building and determine the total heat gain through exterior surfaces. It is an improvement over: = Where: = rate of heat transfer [W] = heat transfer surface area [m 2]
CFD plays an important role in building design, designing a thermally-conformable, healthy and energy-efficient building. CFD can examine the effectiveness and efficiency of various heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems by easily changing the type and location of different components, supply air conditions and system control ...
For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
A realistic indication of energy efficiency over an entire year can be achieved by using seasonal COP or seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) for heat. Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) is mostly used for air conditioning. SCOP is a new methodology which gives a better indication of expected real-life performance of heat pump ...
Note: Energy Consumption for combined commercial and residential sectors is 39% of Total Energy Consumption when electrical system energy losses are included. [1] United States building energy codes are a subset of building codes that set minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction for new and renovated buildings. [2]
With an area of 100 m 2, the heat energy being lost is 0.25 W/(K⋅m 2) × 18 °C × 100 m 2 = 450 W. There will be other losses through the floor, windows, ventilation slots, etc. But for that material alone, 450 W is going out, and can be replaced with a 450 W heater inside, to maintain the inside temperature.
The building balance point temperature is the outdoor air temperature when the heat gains of the building are equal to the heat losses. [1] Internal heat sources due to electric lighting, mechanical equipment, body heat, and solar radiation may offset the need for additional heating although the outdoor temperature may be below the thermostat set-point temperature.
Energy efficiency has become a primary concern for the construction of new buildings, and the prevalence of concrete slabs calls for careful consideration of its thermal properties in order to minimise wasted energy. [5] Concrete has similar thermal properties to masonry products, in that it has a relatively high thermal mass and is a good ...