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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
As of October 2012, CNSSP-15 [4] stated that the 256-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-256, and AES with 128-bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Secret level, while the 384-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-384, and AES with 256-bit keys are necessary for the protection of Top ...
Hash function Security claim Best attack Publish date Comment GOST: 2 128: 2 105: 2008-08-18 Paper. [12]HAVAL-128 : 2 64: 2 7: 2004-08-17 Collisions originally reported in 2004, [13] followed up by cryptanalysis paper in 2005.
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Algorithm for computing a condensed representation of information FIPS PUB 180-4: Use SHA-384 or SHA-512 for all classification levels. Leighton-Micali Signature (LMS) Asymmetric algorithm for digitally signing firmware and software NIST SP 800-208: All parameters approved for all classification levels. SHA256/192 ...
In cryptography, security level is a measure of the strength that a cryptographic primitive — such as a cipher or hash function — achieves. Security level is usually expressed as a number of "bits of security" (also security strength), [1] where n-bit security means that the attacker would have to perform 2 n operations to break it, [2] but other methods have been proposed that more ...
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
BLAKE-256 and BLAKE-224 use 32-bit words and produce digest sizes of 256 bits and 224 bits, respectively, while BLAKE-512 and BLAKE-384 use 64-bit words and produce digest sizes of 512 bits and 384 bits, respectively. The BLAKE2 hash function, based on BLAKE, was announced in 2012. The BLAKE3 hash function, based on BLAKE2, was announced in 2020.
SHA-3 instances are drop-in replacements for SHA-2, intended to have identical security properties. SHAKE will generate as many bits from its sponge as requested, thus being extendable-output functions (XOFs). For example, SHAKE128(M, 256) can be used as a hash function with a 256 character bitstream with 128-bit security strength.