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Schematic of a machine tap. Below is a comprehensive drill and tap size chart for all drills and taps: Inch, imperial, and metric, up to 36.5 millimetres (1.44 in) in diameter. In manufactured parts, holes with female screw threads are often needed; they accept male screws to facilitate the building and fastening of a finished assembly.
There are two main types of tap wrenches: double-end adjustable wrenches and T-handle wrenches. Double-end adjustable wrenches, also known as bar wrenches, have one threaded handle which is attached to one of the clamps. The clamp is opened to insert the tool and then tightened down against the tool to secure it. This type of tap wrench is used ...
where is the tap drill size, is the major diameter of the tap (e.g., 10 mm for a M10×1.5 tap), and pitch is the pitch of the thread (1.5 mm in the case of a standard M10 tap) and so the correct drill size is 8.5 mm. This works for both fine and coarse pitches, and also produces an approximate 75% thread.
ratcheting box wrench: ratcheting ring spanner: A type of ring spanner, or box wrench, whose end section ratchets. Ratcheting can be reversed by flipping over the wrench, or by activating a reversing lever on the wrench. This type of wrench combines the compact design of a box wrench, with the utility and quickness of use of a ratchet wrench.
The tolerances necessary to make the tools usable are listed in documents such as ASME/ANSI B18.2.2 for U.S. standards. [1] For instance, a bolt for a 1-inch nominal diameter thread might have flats that are 1.5 inches apart. The wrench for this bolt should have flats that are between 1.508 and 1.520 inches apart to allow for a little extra space.
A socket wrench (or socket spanner) is a type of spanner (or wrench [1] in North American English) that uses a closed socket format, rather than a typical open wrench/spanner to turn a fastener, typically in the form of a nut or bolt. [2] The most prevalent form is the ratcheting socket wrench, often informally called a ratchet.
A ratchet (occasionally spelled rachet) is a mechanical device that allows continuous linear or rotary motion in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Ratchets are widely used in machinery and tools. The word ratchet is also used informally to refer to a ratcheting socket wrench.
A Robertson screw, also known as a square screw [1] or Scrulox, [2] is a type of screw with a square-shaped socket in the screw head and a corresponding square protrusion on the tool.