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[3] [4] Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency, which, if treatment is delayed, can lead to irreversible joint damage. Septic arthritis occurs more often in childhood than at any other time. [4] [5] Kocher criteria are a useful guide to the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children, especially in the hip, one of the most frequently ...
In children septic arthritis usually affects the larger joints like the hips, knees and shoulders. The early signs and symptoms of septic arthritis in children and adolescents can be confused with limb injury. [5] Among the signs and symptoms of septic arthritis are: acutely swollen, red, painful joint with fever. [9]
Treatment can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Physical therapy, acupuncture, and anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat the disease. In more severe cases, intra-articular corticosteroid injections or surgical joint replacement may be necessary. Joint drainage and antibiotics are used to treat septic arthritis.
Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases which includes: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, adult-onset Still's disease, scleroderma, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Arthritis caused by bacterial infection of the joint is termed septic arthritis and does not commonly affect multiple joints. It may notably be caused by gonococcus . Bacteria can also cause polyarthritis not by directly infecting the joints; instead, infection located elsewhere in the body can cause immune reaction , which becomes the direct ...
Selenium, glutamine, and eicosapentaenoic acid have shown effectiveness in improving symptoms in clinical trials. [13] [14] Other antioxidants such as vitamin E may be helpful as well. [15] Septic treatment protocol and diagnostic tools have been created due to the potentially severe outcome septic shock.
[6]: p. 360 Septic prepatellar bursitis may be diagnosed if the fluid is found to have a neutrophil count above 1500 per microliter, [5]: p. 608 a threshold significantly lower than that of septic arthritis (50,000 cells per microliter). [6]: p. 360 A tuberculosis infection can be confirmed using a radiograph of the knee and urinalysis. [12]
[17] [18] If septic arthritis needs to be ruled out, needle aspiration of the fluid can be performed under ultrasound guidance. [19] In transient synovitis, the joint fluid will be clear. [5] In septic arthritis, there will be pus in the joint, which can be sent for bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing.