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Pronounced "A-star". A graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. abductive logic programming (ALP) A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some ...
This is a list of puzzles that cannot be solved. An impossible puzzle is a puzzle that cannot be resolved, either due to lack of sufficient information, or any number of logical impossibilities. Kookrooster maken 23; 15 Puzzle – Slide fifteen numbered tiles into numerical order. It is impossible to solve in half of the starting positions. [1]
It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; and "wicked" denotes resistance to resolution, rather than evil. [1] Another definition is "a problem whose social complexity means that it has no determinable stopping point". [2]
[2] [3] An important open mathematics problem solved in the early 21st century is the Poincaré conjecture. Open problems exist in all scientific fields. For example, one of the most important open problems in biochemistry is the protein structure prediction problem [ 4 ] [ 5 ] – how to predict a protein 's structure from its sequence.
Can 3SUM be solved in strongly sub-quadratic time, that is, in time O(n 2−ϵ) for some ϵ>0? Can the edit distance between two strings of length n be computed in strongly sub-quadratic time? (This is only possible if the strong exponential time hypothesis is false.) Can X + Y sorting be done in o(n 2 log n) time?
One of the widely used types of impossibility proof is proof by contradiction.In this type of proof, it is shown that if a proposition, such as a solution to a particular class of equations, is assumed to hold, then via deduction two mutually contradictory things can be shown to hold, such as a number being both even and odd or both negative and positive.
The third and final type of problem requires verbal ability to solve. An example is the Remote Associates Test (RAT), [8] in which people must think of a word that connects three, seemingly unrelated, words. [10] RAT are often used in experiments, because they can be solved both with and without insight. [11]
A decision problem is a question which, for every input in some infinite set of inputs, answers "yes" or "no". [2] Those inputs can be numbers (for example, the decision problem "is the input a prime number?") or values of some other kind, such as strings of a formal language.