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This temple was dedicated on the Ides of April. [3] By the imperial period (that is, by 27 BCE), the epithets Victor and Invictus both referred to the temple on the Palatine, originally known as Invictus, and any distinction with the Quirinal cult of Jupiter Victor was lost. The two temples are still sometimes confused in modern sources.
Temple of Jupiter Invictus; Temple of Jupiter Tonans; O. Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; S. Temple of Jupiter Stator (2nd century BC) Temple of Jupiter Stator (3rd ...
The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Latin: Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini; Italian: Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo; lit. ' Temple of Jupiter , the Best and Greatest ' ), was the most important temple in Ancient Rome , located on the Capitoline Hill .
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The temple was believed to have been built under the reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last King of Rome prior to the establishment of the Roman Republic. Although the temple was shared by Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, each deity had a separate cella, with Juno Regina on the left, Minerva on the right, and Jupiter Optimus Maximus in the middle.
Juppiter Tonans ("Thundering Jove") was the aspect (numen) of Jupiter venerated in the Temple of Juppiter Tonans, which was vowed in 26 BCE by Augustus and dedicated in 22 on the Capitoline Hill; the Emperor had narrowly escaped being struck by lightning during the campaign in Cantabria. [4]
The Temple of Jupiter proper was circled by a peristyle of 54 unfluted Corinthian columns: [14] ten in front and back and nineteen along each side. [13] The columns were 19.9 meters high, the tallest of any classical temple, and the apex of the pediment is estimated to have been 44 meters above the floor of the court.
The precise location of the temple is uncertain; it is believed to have located towards the south-east of the Capitoline. [22] Based on Suetonius's comment about it being a "doorkeeper" to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, it is considered to have been located close to the entrance to the Area Capitolina, the sanctuary of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill. [2]
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