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Folding-book manuscripts are a type of writing material historically used in Mainland Southeast Asia, particularly in the areas of present-day Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. They are known as parabaik in Burmese, [a] samut thai in Thai [b] or samut khoi in Thai and Lao, [c] phap sa in Northern Thai and Lao, [d] and kraing in Khmer. [e]
A 19th-century palm-leaf manuscript called kammawa from Bagan, Myanmar. In Myanmar, the palm-leaf manuscript is called pesa (ပေစာ). In the pre-colonial era, along with folding-book manuscripts, pesa was a primary medium of transcribing texts, including religious scriptures, and administrative and juridical records. [20]
The Camadevivamsa is a palm leaf manuscript written in the Tai Tham script and is housed at a monastery in Northern Thailand. The first, and only, edition of the complete Pali text was published, in Thai script with a side-by-side Thai translation, in 1920 and is currently located in the Wachirayan Library in Bangkok.
Photograph of an original w:en:palm leaf manuscript containing w:en:Grantha alphabet for w:en:Sanskrit. This is cropped version of File:Tamil-Palm-1.JPG showing its middle section only. See full version at source file: Date: 8 May 2008: Source: Owner: Author: Joshua Elek: Permission (Reusing this file) GFDL: Other versions
The Fund for Manuscript Publication in Cambodia is a library located within the compound of Phnom Penh's Wat Ounalom, where these forms of palm-leaf manuscripts from all over the country are preserved. This research centre was founded by French archeologist Olivier de Bernon of the French School of the Far Eastin 1990 with the mission to locate ...
The museum has a library of about a thousand paper and palm leaf manuscripts written in Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu, besides four hundred palm leaf manuscripts in Tigalari script. They relate to literature, art, dharmaśāstra, history, astrology, astronomy, medicine, mathematics and veterinary science.
The ORI houses over 45,000 Palm leaf manuscript bundles and the 75,000 works on those leaves. The manuscripts are palm leaves cut to a standard size of 150 by 35 mm (5.9 by 1.4 in). Brittle palm leaves are sometimes softened by scrubbing a paste made of ragi and then used by the ancients for writing, similar to the use of papyrus in ancient Egypt.
These were orally transmitted for centuries and likely written down sometime around the start of the common era. The above palm leaf manuscript pages are from Tamil Nadu India, in Grantha script, Sanskrit language. This manuscript is likely pre-17th century, but the exact year of its production is unknown.