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Myofibroblasts upregulate the expression of fibronectin, collagens, and hyaluronic acid during and after their differentiation from fibroblasts. Among these, the EDA isoform of fibronectin (EDA-FN), and collagen type I ( COL1A1 / COL1A2 ) are typical markers of myofibroblast-dependent synthesis of pro-fibrotic extracellular matrix.
Myofibroblastic cells are plumper with more abundant cytoplasm and more prominent nucleoli; they express smooth muscle marker proteins such as smooth muscle actins, desmin, and caldesmon. [2] The World Health Organization further classified FMTs into four tumor forms based on their varying levels of aggressiveness: benign, intermediate (locally ...
The Function of CAF Markers Name of markers: Functions: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, ACTA2) Marker for myofibroblasts [13] Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) Marker for myofibroblasts [13] Tenascin-C: Regulates adhesion of cancer cells for invasion [14] Periostin: Product of process of tissue repair [15] Neuron glial antigen-2 (NG2, CSPG4)
Cytoglobin expression has been shown to be a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver. [2] In murine (rats, mice) liver, reelin expressed by Ito cells has been shown to be a reliable marker in discerning them from other myofibroblasts. [3]
By pulling tissues closed, differentiated myofibroblasts seal the skin after an injury (thereby, preventing infection but inducing scar formation). [4] Myofibroblasts can also be derived from non-fibroblast sources. Based on evidence of α-SMA expression from lung injuries, myofibroblasts can "arise de novo" directly from mesenchymal stem cells ...
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape [1] that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, [2] produces the structural framework for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. [3]
Medical imaging may suggest but cannot prove that a tumor is MFB. Mammography, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging of mammary [1] [12] and extramammary [1] [13] MFB typically show well-defined and well-circumscribed tumors which in almost all cases have no calcifications; these results suggest that the tumor is not malignant but do not indicate which type it might be.
Nodular fasciitis occurs in all age groups but most often affects those between 20–40 years old. Males and females are equally affected. NF tumors, which may be tender or painful, typically present as rapidly growing solitary lesions that reach their final size (usually 2–3 cm) within a few weeks. [10]