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Seismic reflection exploration grew out of the seismic refraction exploration method, which was used to find oil associated with salt domes. [2] Ludger Mintrop, a German mine surveyor, devised a mechanical seismograph in 1914 that he successfully used to detect salt domes in Germany. He applied for a German patent in 1919 that was issued in 1926.
A seismic sequence is defined as the stratigraphic interval between two consecutive sequence boundaries, representing two marine regression events with a marine transgression event at the middle. Thus a seismic sequence is further subdivided with a basal unit of regressive systems tract, a transgressive systems tract at the middle, and a ...
Seismic methods can also be used for mineral exploration, since they can provide high-resolution images of geologic structures hosting mineral deposits. It is not just surface seismic surveys which are used, but also borehole seismic methods. All in all, the usage of seismic methods for mineral exploration is steadily increasing. [1]
The need for migration has been understood since the beginnings of seismic exploration and the very first seismic reflection data from 1921 were migrated. [5] Computational migration algorithms have been around for many years but they have only entered wide usage in the past 20 years because they are extremely resource-intensive. Migration can ...
Seismology (/ s aɪ z ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, s aɪ s-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies.
Those seismic waves are like ripples on a pond, the USGS said. The earthquake will be strongest at its epicenter, the point on the surface directly above where the quake started, and the effects ...
This is an illustration of Snell's Law. A seismic wave coming with the path of the red line would refract when it passes through the surface of medium change. Seismic waves travelling at a critical angle (blue line) will be refracted critically with an angle of refraction equal to 90°. An illustration of seismic reflection and refraction ...
During seismic exploration, P-waves (also known as primary or compressive waves) penetrate down into the earth. Due to mode conversion, a P-wave can reflect upwards as an S-wave (also known as a secondary, shear or transverse wave) when it hits an interface (e.g., solid-liquid). Other P-wave to S-wave (P-S) conversions can occur, but the down ...