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  2. Casimir effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

    a is the distance between the two plates; The force is negative, indicating that the force is attractive: by moving the two plates closer together, the energy is lowered. The presence of ħ shows that the Casimir force per unit area ⁠ F c / A ⁠ is very small, and that furthermore, the force is inherently of quantum-mechanical origin.

  3. Föppl–von Kármán equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Föppl–von_Kármán...

    where E is the Young's modulus of the plate material (assumed homogeneous and isotropic), υ is the Poisson's ratio, h is the thickness of the plate, w is the out–of–plane deflection of the plate, P is the external normal force per unit area of the plate, σ αβ is the Cauchy stress tensor, and α, β are indices that take values of 1 and ...

  4. Plate theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_theory

    In general, exact solutions for cantilever plates using plate theory are quite involved and few exact solutions can be found in the literature. Reissner and Stein [ 7 ] provide a simplified theory for cantilever plates that is an improvement over older theories such as Saint-Venant plate theory.

  5. Reissner-Mindlin plate theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner-Mindlin_plate_theory

    The Mindlin hypothesis implies that the displacements in the plate have the form = (,) ; =, = (,)where and are the Cartesian coordinates on the mid-surface of the undeformed plate and is the coordinate for the thickness direction, , =, are the in-plane displacements of the mid-surface, is the displacement of the mid-surface in the direction, and designate the angles which the normal to the mid ...

  6. Stress resultants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_resultants

    Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.

  7. Double layer forces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer_forces

    The potential profile between two plates is normally obtained by solving this equation numerically. Once the potential profile is known, the force per unit area between the plates expressed as the disjoining pressure Π can be obtained as follows. The starting point is the Gibbs–Duhem relation for a two component system at constant ...

  8. Bending of plates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_of_plates

    The left half of the plate shows the deformed shape, while the right half shows the undeformed shape. This calculation was performed using Ansys. Bending of plates, or plate bending, refers to the deflection of a plate perpendicular to the plane of the plate under the action of external forces and moments.

  9. List of equations in classical mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2] The subject is based upon a three-dimensional Euclidean space with fixed axes, called a frame of reference.