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Vaccine hesitancy is becoming an increasing concern, particularly in industrialized nations. For example, one study surveying parents in Europe found that 12–28% of surveyed parents expressed doubts about vaccinating their children. [231] Several studies have assessed socioeconomic and cultural factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.
Adaptive immunity can provide long-lasting protection, sometimes for the person's entire lifetime. For example, someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime; in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection, as with chickenpox. This process of adaptive immunity is the basis of vaccination.
The initial focus of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was on preventing symptomatic and severe illness. [127] The COVID-19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the severity and death caused by COVID-19. [128] [129] As of March 2023, more than 5.5 billion people had received one or more doses [130] (11.8 billion in total) in over 197 ...