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The map of Juan de la Cosa is a world map that includes the earliest known representation of the New World and the first depiction of the equator and the Tropic of Cancer on a nautical chart. The map is attributed to the Castilian navigator and cartographer, Juan de la Cosa , and was likely created in 1500.
[3] [4] with written descriptions and usually a map. A useful collection of articles pointing to some major issues in New World cartography has recently appeared. [5] When other European powers began exploring and settling the zones that Spain and Portugal had claimed as their own, maps began to delineate the boundaries between empires. [6]
Map of Spanish America c. 1800, showing the 4 viceroyalties (New Spain, pink), (New Granada, green), (Peru, orange), (Río de la Plata, blue) and provincial divisions During the early era and under the Habsburgs, the crown established a regional layer of colonial jurisdiction in the institution of Corregimiento , which was between the Audiencia ...
On his new map, Waldseemüller labelled the continent discovered by Columbus Terra Incognita ('unknown land'). [ 184 ] On 25 September 1513, the Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa , exploring overland, became the first European to encounter the Pacific Ocean from the shores of the Americas, calling it the "South Sea".
According to one theory, that continent was identified with the southeastern promontory of Asia that figures on Behaim's globe, India Superior or the Cape of Cattigara. The other view was that America (South America) was a huge island wholly unconnected with Asia. [51]: 12–13, 49–51
The border between North America and South America is at some point on the Darién Mountains watershed that divides along the Colombia–Panama border where the isthmus meets the South American continent (see Darién Gap). Virtually all atlases list Panama as a state falling entirely within North America and/or Central America. [116] [117]
German Empire (4) – Europe, South America, [map] Asia, [map] Africa [map] Guna people (2) – North America, South America (the Guna people were living in what is now Northern Colombia and the Darién Province of Panama , including the Darién Gap (the border between North and South America), at the time of the Spanish invasion in the early ...
This conquest facilitated the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542, allowing Spain to exert control over territories in western South America, comprising present-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Chile and Argentina. In the subsequent years, Spanish explorers and conquistadors ventured into northern South America, where they ...