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Bunyavirales is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. [2] It is the only order in the class Ellioviricetes. [1] The name Bunyavirales derives from Bunyamwera, [3] where the original type species Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus was first ...
Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes, with each segment of the genome enclosed in a separate viral particle. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a many more RNA viruses have multipartite genomes. [1]
The order name Articulavirales derives from Latin articulata meaning "segmented" (alluding to the segmented genome of member viruses) added to the suffix for virus orders -virales. [3] The class name Insthoviricetes is a portmanteau of member viruses " in fluenza, i s avirus, and tho gotovirus" added to the suffix -viricetes for virus classes.
Segmented genomes confer evolutionary advantages; different strains of a virus with a segmented genome can shuffle and combine genes and produce progeny viruses (or offspring) that have unique characteristics. This is called reassortment or 'viral sex'. [68]
Excluding viruses in the genus Tenuivirus and some in the family Chuviridae, all −ssRNA viruses have linear rather than circular genomes, and the genomes may be segmented or non-segmented. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] All −ssRNA genomes contain terminal inverted repeats , which are palindromic nucleotide sequences at each end of the genome.
It is particularly used when two similar viruses that are infecting the same cell exchange genetic material. More specifically, it refers to the swapping of entire segments of the genome, which only occurs between viruses with segmented genomes. [1] (All known viruses with segmented genomes are RNA viruses.)
Exceptions are known to this rule: poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus (RNA viruses) replicate within the nucleus. [citation needed] Segmented genomes: Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae, and Reoviridae (acronym BOAR). All are RNA viruses.
See also Comparison of computer viruses. This is an alphabetical list of biological virus families and subfamilies; it includes those families and subfamilies listed by the ICTV 2023 report. [1] For a list of individual species, see List of virus species. For a list of virus genera, see List of virus genera.