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Understanding the basic science of weight management and strategies for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight is important because obesity is a risk factor for development of many chronic diseases, like Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Obesity is a complex public health and policy problem because of its prevalence, costs, and health effects. [95] As such, managing it requires changes in the wider societal context and effort by communities, local authorities, and governments. [ 96 ]
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) is a cardiovascular research charity in the United Kingdom. [5] It funds medical research related to heart and circulatory diseases and their risk factors, and runs influencing work aimed at shaping public policy and raising awareness.
The British Heart Foundation released its own government-funded advertisements, labeled "Food4Thought", which were targeted at children and adults to discourage unhealthy habits of consuming junk food. [74] From a psychological and cultural perspective, a healthier diet may be difficult to achieve for people with poor eating habits. [75]
More than twenty-five years ago, WHtR was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because "it is a proxy for harmful central adiposity"; [3] it predicts obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk.
USDA chart showing the increase in soda consumption and the decrease in milk consumption from 1947 to 2001 [6]. From 1971 to 2000, the average daily number of calories which women consumed in the United States increased by 335 calories per day (1542 calories in 1971 and 1877 calories in 2000).
Epidemiologically, the percentage of body fat in an individual varies according to sex and age. [1] Various theoretical approaches exist on the relationships between body fat percentage, health, athletic capacity, etc. Different authorities have consequently developed different recommendations for ideal body fat percentages.
Some research suggests that metabolically healthy obese individuals are at an increased risk of several adverse outcomes when compared to individuals of a normal weight, including type 2 diabetes, [11] depressive symptoms, [12] and cardiovascular events.