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Similar to other phenols, the hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring of a benzenediol are weakly acidic. Each benzenediol can lose an H + from one of the hydroxyls to form a type of phenolate ion. The Dakin oxidation is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho - or para -hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde ( −CH=O ) or ketone ( >C=O ) reacts with ...
Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous with C 6 H 5 − and is represented by the symbol Ph (archaically, Φ), or Ø. Benzene is sometimes denoted as PhH. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. For example, triphenylmethane (Ph 3 CH) has three phenyl groups attached to the same carbon center. Many or even most phenyl ...
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
2R 3 C−H + O 2 → 2 R 3 C−OH R 3 C−H + O 2 + 2e − + 2H + → R 3 C−OH + H 2 O. Since O 2 itself is a slow and unselective hydroxylating agent, catalysts are required to accelerate the pace of the process and to introduce selectivity. [1] Hydroxylation is often the first step in the degradation of organic compounds in air.
Some heterocycles contain no carbon. Examples are borazine (B 3 N 3 ring), hexachlorophosphazenes (P 3 N 3 rings), and tetrasulfur tetranitride S 4 N 4 . In comparison with organic heterocycles, which have numerous commercial applications, inorganic ring systems are mainly of theoretical interest.
The reaction follows Markovnikov's rule (the hydroxy group will always be added to the more substituted carbon). The oxymercuration part of the reaction involves anti addition of OH group but the demercuration part of the reaction involves free radical mechanism and is not stereospecific, i.e. H and OH may be syn or anti to each other. [2] [3] [4]
CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH heptanedioic acid: pimelic acid: HOOC(CH 2) 5 COOH cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: C 6 H 11 COOH: benzenecarboxylic acid: benzoic acid carboxybenzene dracylic acid: C 6 H 5 COOH: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid: salicylic acid: HOC 6 H 4 COOH: 2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 C(CH 3) 2 COOH 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid C 2 H 5 (CHCH ...