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Linguists postulate that an early Proto-Germanic language existed and was distinguishable from the other Indo-European languages as far back as 500 BCE. [1]From what is known, the early Germanic tribes may have spoken mutually intelligible dialects derived from a common parent language but there are no written records to verify this fact.
Whilst there are a great number of perspectives that can be taken on the subject, it is impossible to form a single, all-embracing concept of European culture. [2] Nonetheless, there are core elements which are generally agreed upon as forming the cultural foundation of modern Europe. [3] One list of these elements given by K. Bochmann includes ...
Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilisation in Southeast Europe, centred in the Lower Danube Valley. [1] [2] [3] Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube ...
Various pre-Indo-European substrates have been postulated, but remain speculative; the "Pelasgian" and "Tyrsenian" substrates of the Mediterranean world, an "Old European" (which may itself have been an early form of Indo-European), a "Vasconic" substrate ancestral to the modern Basque language, [84] or a more widespread presence of early Finno ...
The early Khvalynsk culture, located in the Volga-Ural steppes and associated with early Proto-Indo-European, [124] had trade relationship with Old European cultures. Domesticated cattle, sheep and goats, as well as copper, were introduced eastward from the Danube valley around 4700–4500.
This is a list of European literatures. The literatures of Europe are compiled in many languages ; among the most important of the modern written works are those in English , French , Spanish , Dutch , Polish , Portuguese , German , Italian , Modern Greek , Czech , Russian , Macedonian , the Scandinavian languages, Gaelic and Turkish .
Battle between the Slavs and the Scythians — painting by Viktor Vasnetsov (1881). The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European dialects [1] who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe and established the foundations for the Slavic nations through the Slavic states of the Early ...
The result of such cultural contact is visible e.g. in the tradition of the Morris Dance in England, an adaptation of the "moorish" dances of the late medieval period. The result were the related, but regionally distinct, folk traditions as they existed in European society on the eve of the Early Modern period.