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The specificity of bisphosphonate-based drugs comes from the two phosphonate groups (and possibly a hydroxyl at R 1) that work together to coordinate calcium ions. Bisphosphonate molecules preferentially bind to calcium ions. The largest store of calcium in the human body is in bones, so bisphosphonates accumulate to a high concentration only ...
Alendronate, a common bisphosphonate drug, has a three carbon length side chain for example. [17] Risedronate has heterocyclic structure containing nitrogen. Heterocyclic nitrogen containing bisphosphonates have revealed better results in terms of activity compared to earlier bisphosphonates with nitrogen bound to carbon chain.
Clodronic acid is a bisphosphonate used as a drug to treat osteoporosis. In biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, phosphonate groups are used as stable bioisosteres for phosphate, such as in the antiviral nucleotide analog, Tenofovir, one of the cornerstones of anti-HIV therapy.
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Etidronic acid is a bisphosphonate used to strengthen bone, treat osteoporosis, and treat Paget's disease of bone.. Bisphosphonates primarily reduce osteoclastic activity, which prevents bone resorption, and thus moves the bone resorption/formation equilibrium toward the formation side and hence makes bone stronger on the long run.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [4]
The drug is a complex of medronic acid (MDP, methylene diphosphonate), the simplest bisphosphonate, with technetium-99m (99m Tc), a radionuclide that emits gamma rays. The exact structure of the complex is not known. [2] [3]
In non-bisphosphonate cases of ONJ, it is mainly the cancellous portion of the bone and its marrow content that are involved in the disease process. The first stage is an oedema of the bone marrow initiated by a bone infarct, which is itself modulated by numerous causes, leading to myelofibrosis as a result of hypoxia and gradual loss of bone ...