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A dipole is characterised by its dipole moment, a vector quantity shown in the figure as the blue arrow labeled M. It is the relationship between the electric field and the dipole moment that gives rise to the behaviour of the dielectric. (Note that the dipole moment points in the same direction as the electric field in the figure.
Eddy currents are minimized in these devices by selecting magnetic core materials that have low electrical conductivity (e.g., ferrites or iron powder mixed with resin) or by using thin sheets of magnetic material, known as laminations. Electrons cannot cross the insulating gap between the laminations and so are unable to circulate on wide arcs.
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic fields, are altered under a Lorentz transformation from one inertial frame of reference to another.
A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. [5] It has an exponential current–voltage characteristic. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices.
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems that use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.
Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited in electrical technology. For example, in atomic physics and chemistry , the interaction in the electric field between the atomic nucleus and electrons is the force that holds these particles together in atoms.
A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. [16] He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior [17] of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges. [14]
Electrical conductivity (or specific conductance) is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is commonly signified by the Greek letter σ , but κ (especially in electrical engineering) [citation needed] and γ [citation needed] are sometimes