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BOD test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) is the calculated amount of oxygen required to oxidize a compound to its final oxidation products. [1] However, there are some differences between standard methods that can influence the results obtained: for example, some calculations assume that nitrogen released from organic compounds is generated as ammonia, whereas others allow for ammonia oxidation to ...
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter ( mg / L ).
The Streeter–Phelps equation determines the relation between the dissolved oxygen concentration and the biological oxygen demand over time and is a solution to the linear first order differential equation [1]
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioelectrochemical fuel cell system [1] also known as micro fuel cell that generates electric current by diverting electrons produced from the microbial oxidation of reduced compounds (also known as fuel or electron donor) on the anode to oxidized compounds such as oxygen (also known as oxidizing agent or electron acceptor) on the cathode through an ...
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy.
The [4+2]-cycloaddition between singlet oxygen and furans is widely used in organic synthesis. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In singlet oxygen reactions with alkenic allyl groups , e.g., citronella, shown, by abstraction of the allylic proton, in an ene-like reaction , yielding the allyl hydroperoxide , R–O–OH (R = alkyl ), which can then be reduced to the ...
Bioorganic chemistry – combines organic chemistry and biochemistry toward biology. Biophysical chemistry – is a physical science that uses the concepts of physics and physical chemistry for the study of biological systems. Medicinal chemistry – discipline which applies chemistry for medical or drug related purposes.