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This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. For other terms related to the Earth sciences , see Glossary of geography terms (disambiguation) .
A large region or district (often but not necessarily a broad, elongated area of vague or indeterminate boundaries) identified or associated with one or more particular, distinctive characteristics, e.g. of climate (banana belt), vegetation , topography (Alpide belt), geology or mineral resources , agriculture , land use (green belt), language ...
[70] [71] The word is derived from the Greek γῆ, gê, meaning "earth" and λόγος, logos, meaning "speech". [72] But according to another source, the word "geology" comes from a Norwegian, Mikkel Pedersøn Escholt (1600–1669), who was a priest and scholar. Escholt first used the definition in his book titled, Geologia Norvegica (1657 ...
Firth – Scottish word used for various coastal inlets and straits; Fjard – Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet; Fjord – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity; Geo – Inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff; Gulf – Large inlet from the ocean into the landmass List of gulfs
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word igneus, meaning of fire, from ignis meaning fire) [9] is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This magma may be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting of rocks is caused by one or more of three processes ...
[130] [131] Like geology, history and geography have shared university departments. Geography provides the spatial context within which historical events unfold. [ 130 ] The physical geographic features of a region, such as its landforms, climate, and resources, shape human settlements, trade routes, and economic activities, which in turn ...
According to the Dictionary of the Scots Language, a modern compilation of Scots words past and present, hurkle-durkle means “to lie in bed or to lounge after it’s time to get up or go to work.”
A geode (/ ˈ dʒ iː. oʊ d /; from Ancient Greek γεώδης (geṓdēs) 'earthlike') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter (which may include crystals) are secluded.