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Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the First Indochina War, more than one million North Vietnamese migrated to South Vietnam, [38] under the U.S.-led evacuation campaign named Operation Passage to Freedom, [39] with an estimated 60% of the north's one million Catholics fleeing south.
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North Vietnam − Democratic Republic of Vietnam — the former communist entity in northern Vietnam. It was a revolutionary movement from 1945 to 1954, and a governing state from 1954 to 1976. A unified North and South Vietnam became the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976.
Over 7,000,000 tons of bombs were delivered in total by the Americans. Some 60% of this fell within the territory of its ally, South Vietnam. Another 1.5 million tons of bombs were unloaded on Laos and Cambodia. America's main enemy North Vietnam received approximately one million tons of bombs- between 10–15% of the total. [57]
A highly-effective logistician, [12] he was the principal architect of the Ho Chi Minh trail, the logistical network between North and South Vietnam which is recognised as one of the 20th century's great feats of military engineering. [14] Giáp is often credited with North Vietnam's military victory over the United States and South Vietnam. [1]
The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 [A 1] – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies.
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Free World Military Forces headquarters in Saigon, South Vietnam, 1971. Free World Military Assistance Forces (FWMAF also known as Free World Military Forces or FWMF) was the group of allied nations who sent troops to fight in the Vietnam War under the FWMF banner, assisting South Vietnam against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong (VC).