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Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.
Trans unsaturated (Elaidic acid) Cis unsaturated Saturated (Stearic acid) Elaidic acid is the main trans unsaturated fatty acid often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. [32] Oleic acid is a cis unsaturated fatty acid making up 55–80% of olive oil. [33]
Of the saturated fatty acids, 80% are palmitic acid (lipid number of C16:0), 14% stearic acid (C18:0), and 3% arachidic acid (C20:0). Over 99% of the monounsaturated fatty acids are oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) 98% of the polyunsaturated fatty acids are the omega-6 linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). [34] [35]
The trans isomer of oleic acid is called elaidic acid or trans-9-octadecenoic acid. These isomers have distinct physical properties and biochemical properties. Elaidic acid, the most abundant trans fatty acid in diet, appears to have an adverse effect on health. [21] A reaction that converts oleic acid to elaidic acid is called elaidinization.
In most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids, each double bond has three , six , or nine carbon atoms after it, and all double bonds have a cis configuration. Most fatty acids in the trans configuration are not found in nature and are the result of human processing (e.g., hydrogenation). Some trans fatty acids also occur naturally in the ...
The conversion from cis to trans bonds is chemically favored because the trans configuration has lower energy than the natural cis one. At equilibrium, the trans/cis isomer ratio is about 2:1. Numerous studies have concluded that these trans fatty acids have negative health effects.
Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH 2) 7 CH=CHCH 2 CH=CH(CH 2) 4 CH 3. Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n−6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid. [5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega−6 fatty acid.
Elaidic acid is an unsaturated trans fatty acid, with code C18:1 trans-9. This compound has attracted attention because it is a major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils, and trans fats have been implicated in heart disease. [1] It is the trans isomer of oleic acid. The name of the elaidinization reaction comes from elaidic acid.