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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering.The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history.
1779 – Pierre-Louis-Georges du Buat publishes Principes de l'hydraulique ("Principles of hydraulics"), with semiempirical equations for the flow of water through pipes and open channels. [17] [18] 1780 – Jacques Charles discover a gas law that describes the relationship between temperature and volume, given by Charles's law.
The principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the human body within the vascular system and erectile tissue. [3] [4] Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries, and seas. Its sub-field open-channel flow studies the flow in open channels.
Hydraulic power was used extensively in Bessemer steel production. Hydraulic power was also used for elevators, to operate canal locks and rotating sections of bridges. [1] [3] Some of these systems remained in use well into the twentieth century. Harry Franklin Vickers was called the "Father of Industrial Hydraulics" by ASME. [why?]
Harry Franklin Vickers (October 1, 1898 – January 12, 1977) was an American inventor and industrialist. He grew up in Montana and southern California.He was called the "Father of Industrial Hydraulics" by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, who gave him the Society's highest award, the ASME Medal, in 1956.
It is a reversible hydraulic machine that can be operated both as a pump or a power generator. As a machine used for lifting water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches, water is lifted by turning a screw-shaped surface inside a pipe. In the modern world, Archimedes screw pumps are widely used in wastewater treatment plants and ...
Hydraulic Flood Retention Basin (HFRB) View from Church Span Bridge, Bern, Switzerland Riprap lining a lake shore. Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to ...
A fluid power system has a pump driven by a prime mover (such as an electric motor or internal combustion engine) that converts mechanical energy into fluid energy, Pressurized fluid is controlled and directed by valves into an actuator device such as a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, to provide linear motion, or a hydraulic motor or pneumatic motor, to provide rotary motion or torque.