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Transhumance in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. . In montane regions (vertical transhumance), it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in wint
A catt of the Bakhtiari people, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran Global map of pastoralism, its origins and historical development [1]. Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. [2]
Nomadic pastoralism also known as Nomadic herding, is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance , where seasonal pastures are fixed. [ 1 ]
Herds are usually moved in fixed patterns between adjacent ecological zones in the course of a year and graze on the stubble of cultivated fields after harvest. Such movement is called transhumant pastoralism or seminomadism, and it differs from the movement of nomadic groups who follow their herds (pastoral nomadism). Seminomadic pastoralists ...
Pastoralism: This is a mixed economy with a symbiosis within the family. Agropastoralism: This is when symbiosis is between segments or clans within an ethnic group . True Nomadism: This is when symbiosis is at the regional level, generally between specialised nomadic and agricultural populations.
However, from the 16th century, if not earlier, the pastoral transhumant cycle, involving the dates of the two migrations, the length of daily marches and frequency of rests, and the times for lambing and shearing, was designed to ensure the best conditions for the feeding, growth and reproduction of Merino sheep.
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It is an adaptation to temporal and spatial variability in climatic conditions. It is commonly practised by sedentary populations and should not be confused with pastoralism. Transhumance is part of an agricultural system that combines permanent arable agriculture with the seasonal movement of livestock. [3]