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The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a measure of environmental heat as it affects humans. Unlike a simple temperature measurement, WBGT accounts for all four major environmental heat factors: air temperature, humidity, radiant heat (from sunlight or sources such as furnaces), and air movement (wind or ventilation). [ 1 ]
Under some conditions heat from the measuring instrument can cause a temperature gradient, so the measured temperature is different from the actual temperature of the system. In such a case the measured temperature will vary not only with the temperature of the system, but also with the heat transfer properties of the system.
In 1806, Francis Beaufort introduced his system for classifying wind speeds. [4] The April 1960 launch of the first successful weather satellite, TIROS-1, marked the beginning of the age where weather information became available globally. This was also used to measure the temperature of the surrounding air.
The wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that may be achieved by evaporative cooling of a water-wetted, ventilated surface.. By contrast, the dew point is the temperature to which the ambient air must be cooled to reach 100% relative humidity assuming there is no further evaporation into the air; it is the temperature where condensation (dew) and clouds would form.
Lidar systems can measure atmospheric temperature from the ground up to approximately 120 km using a variety of techniques, each adapted for a specific altitude range . [33] State-of-the-art lidar systems can combine several of these techniques in one system .
Satellites measure radiances in various wavelength bands, which must then be mathematically inverted to obtain indirect inferences of temperature. [1] [2] The resulting temperature profiles depend on details of the methods that are used to obtain temperatures from radiances.
Thermometers are used in roadways in cold weather climates to help determine if icing conditions exist. Indoors, thermistors are used in climate control systems such as air conditioners, freezers, heaters, refrigerators, and water heaters. [56] Galileo thermometers are used to measure indoor air temperature, due to their limited measurement range.
Disdrometer for measuring drop size distribution; Transmissometer for measuring visibility; Ceilometer for measuring cloud ceiling; More sophisticated stations may also measure the ultraviolet index, leaf wetness, soil moisture, soil temperature, water temperature in ponds, lakes, creeks, or rivers, and occasionally other data.
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