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The limited evidence from contemporary sources poses a challenge in understanding the history of the early Bruneian Sultanate. No local or indigenous sources exist to provide evidence for this. As a result, Chinese texts have been relied on to construct the history of early Brunei. [7]
As a result, Chinese texts have been relied on to construct the history of early Brunei. Boni in Chinese sources most likely refers to Western Borneo, while Poli (婆利), probably located in Aceh region in Sumatra, is claimed by local authorities to refer to Brunei as well. History Pre-sultanate history
After Sultan Hassan, Brunei entered a period of decline, due to internal battles over royal succession as well as the rising influences of European colonial powers in the region, that, among other things, disrupted traditional trading patterns, destroying the economic base of Brunei and many other Southeast Asian sultanates.
A significant contribution was made in 1970 by Brown, who collected several historical views in his study Brunei: The Structure and History of a Bornean Malay Sultanate. He brought up Paul Pelliot's association between Mahmud Shah and Ma-ha-mo-sha, implying that Muhammad Shah's rule may have begun as early as the 14th century.
Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, the Sultan, currently Hassanal Bolkiah, is the head of state with full executive authority. Following the Brunei Revolt of 1962, this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years, meaning that Brunei has technically been under martial law since then. [92]
The early history of the Sultanate of Brunei, including the early years of its foundation and the Bruneian sultans who established the country, is the subject of study. The first Sultan of Brunei, Awang Alak Betatar , and his brothers, Awang Semaun, were among them.
The 13th Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin was an exception to familial succession, but he ascended after murdering the 12th Sultan Muhammad Ali and was in turn killed by the 14th Sultan Muhyiddin. It is not clear when the house became known as the 'House of Bolkiah', and whether it was named after the current 29th Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah , or the 5th ...
Thus, Sultan Muhammad Shah's conversion likely occurred between 1514 and 1515, challenging earlier assumptions about an earlier Muslim leadership in Brunei. [23] The early history of Brunei is complex, characterised by discrepancies between Chinese sources and local Bruneian accounts such as the Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei.