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In social exchange theory the effect of ethical leadership on followers is explained by transactional exchanges between the leader and their followers. The leader's fairness and caring for followers activates a reciprocatory process, in which the followers act in the same manner towards the leader.
A code of ethics within an organization is a set of principles that is used to guide the organization in its decisions, programs, and policies. [2] An ethical organizational culture consists of leaders and employees adhering to a code of ethics. [2]
Medical ethics tends to be understood narrowly as applied professional ethics; whereas bioethics has a more expansive application, touching upon the philosophy of science and issues of biotechnology. The two fields often overlap, and the distinction is more so a matter of style than professional consensus.
The following theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate to the needs created by different organizational situations. Some of these theories are: The contingency theory : The contingency model theory, developed by Fred Fiedler , explains that group performance is a result of interaction between the style of the leader and ...
Authentic leadership, while having no formal or unequivocal definition, is a growing field in academic research. [1] The idea has also been embraced by leaders and leadership coaches, who view it as an alternative to leaders who emphasize profit and share price over people and ethics.
Organizational studies comprise different areas that deal with the different aspects of the organizations, many of the approaches are functionalist but critical research also provide an alternative frame for understanding in the field. Fundamental to the study of management is organizational change.
Schein claimed that culture is the most difficult organizational attribute to change, outlasting products, services, founders and leadership and all physical attributes. His model considers culture as an observer , characterized in terms of artifacts, values and underlying assumptions.
The idea of organizational justice stems from equity theory, [10] [11] which posits that judgments of equity and inequity are derived from comparisons between one's self and others based on inputs and outcomes. Inputs refer to what a person perceives to contribute (e.g., knowledge and effort) while outcomes are what an individual perceives to ...