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Sino–African relations, also referred to as Africa–China relations or Afro–Chinese relations, are the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connections between China and the African continent. Little is known about ancient relations between China and Africa, though there is some evidence of early trade connections.
China surpassed the US in 2009 to become Africa's largest trading partner. Bilateral trade agreements have been signed between China and 40 countries of the continent. In 2000, China Africa Trade amounted to $10 billion and by 2014, it had grown to $220 billion. [3] As of 2024, Africa makes up less than 5% of China's global trade. [4]
2. comparative history as parallel demonstration of theory – the emphasis is on identifying similarities across relevant cases; 3. comparative history as contrast of contexts – the emphasis is on the differences between cases and the uniqueness of each case. Scholars that use this approach tends to be wary of drawing broad generalizations.
Between 2000 and 2014, China provided over $12 billion in loan finance (usually tied to infrastructure projects undertaken by Chinese firms). [ citation needed ] There is growing Chinese investment in the Ethiopian economy, while imports of cheap consumer goods from China ($3.4 billion in 2015) greatly exceeding exports from Ethiopia to China ...
Comparative history is the comparison of different societies which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions. The comparative history of societies emerged as an important specialty among intellectuals in the Enlightenment in the 18th century, as typified by Montesquieu , Voltaire , Adam Smith , and others.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China. [244] Chinese foreign aid is a significant area of interaction within FOCAC. [245] Through FOCAC, China provides aid in the forms of debt forgiveness, aid grants, concessional loans, and interest-free loans. [245]
In 2010, trade between the two countries was worth US$7.8 billion. [26] In 2011, Nigeria was the 4th largest trading partner of China in Africa and in the first 8 months of 2012, it was the 3rd. [27] In April 2018, Nigeria signed a $2.4-billion currency swap deal valid for 3 years. [28]
The employment mix between Chinese and local African workers varies between projects, yet many projects have a significant positive employment effect in their regions. [1] [12] Chinese agricultural investment has to be analysed in the global context. It has received (mostly unfairly) exceptional international media coverage. [13]